Direct speech : - Direct speech is used to report or rather repeat the words spoken by the speaker or writer in the way it is told by the speaker .

Indirect speech : - Indirect speech is the way in which you convey what someone said to another person, not necessarily using the exact words of the speaker.

Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:

When we write a sentence in Direct Speech we separate the introducing verb by a comma and a quoted speech. The quoted speech always begins with a capital letter and is placed within inverted commas. While converting the sentence into indirect speech we sometimes use the coordinating conjunctions to join the two parts.

Change in tenses:

You often have to change the tense of the verb in the spoken words. A verb in the simple present usually changes to the simple past in indirect speech:

• "The suitcase is in the almirah"; said Alice. ( Direct Speech )
• Alice said the suitcase was in the almirah. ( Indirect Speech )

In the question : -

He told me , "I have been to Spain" .

The Indirect speech of the above sentence is :

He told me that he had been to Spain. 

While converting into indirect speech , the inverted commas converted into that , then convert I pronoun into he and then change present perfect into past perfect means have been converts into had been and then the objective part Spain .

Thus , the Correct Option is C , which is He told me that he had been to Spain.

Direct speech : - Direct speech is used to report or rather repeat the words spoken by the speaker or writer in the way it is told by the speaker .

Indirect speech : - Indirect speech is the way in which you convey what someone said to another person, not necessarily using the exact words of the speaker.

Changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech:

When we write a sentence in Direct Speech we separate the introducing verb by a comma and a quoted speech. The quoted speech always begins with a capital letter and is placed within inverted commas. While converting the sentence into indirect speech we sometimes use the coordinating conjunctions to join the two parts.

Change in tenses:

You often have to change the tense of the verb in the spoken words. A verb in the simple present usually changes to the simple past in indirect speech:

• "The suitcase is in the almirah"; said Alice. ( Direct Speech )
• Alice said the suitcase was in the almirah. ( Indirect Speech )

In the question : -

1. She told me ,  “I have been to Boston” .

The Indirect speech of the above sentence is :

She told me that she had been to Boston.

While converting into indirect speech , the inverted commas converted into that , then the pronoun I is converted into she and then change present perfect into past perfect tense means have been is converted into had been and then the objective part Boston .

2. He said, "We cannot live without air’'.

The Indirect speech of the above sentence is :

He said that we cannot live without air.

While converting into indirect speech , the inverted commas converted into that .The indirect speech, tenses do not change if the words used within the quotes (‘’) talk of a habitual action or universal truth.

Thus , the Correct Option is D , which is 1. She told me that she had been to Boston. 2. He said that we cannot live without air. 

Direct speech : - Direct speech is used to report or rather repeat the words spoken by the speaker or writer in the way it is told by the speaker .

Indirect speech : - Indirect speech is the way in which you convey what someone said to another person, not necessarily using the exact words of the speaker.

Changing Indirect Speech into Direct Speech:  When we write a sentence in indirect Speech we  use the coordinating conjunctions to join the two parts.  In direct speech while converting the sentence into direct speech we separate the introducing verb by a comma and a quoted speech. The quoted speech always begins with a capital letter and is placed within inverted commas.

Change in tenses: We often have to change the tense of the verb in the spoken words. A verb in the simple past usually changes to the simple present in direct speech:

• Aly said all books were in that drawer. ( Indirect Speech )
• All books are in this drawer"; said Aly. ( Direct Speech )

In the question : -

She said , “I was reading a novel” .

The Indirect speech of the above sentence is :

She said that she had been reading a novel.

While converting into indirect speech , the inverted commas converted into that , then the pronoun I is converted into she and then change past continuous into past perfect continuous tense means was is converted into had been and then the objective part a novel .

Thus , the Correct Option is B , which is She said that she had been reading a novel.